Oven Temperature Converter
Type the temperature from your recipe in °C or °F, or pick a gas mark. See the exact conversion, the rounded dial setting, the fan oven setting and the gas mark.
Your choice of unit is remembered on this device.
Fan drop: about 20 °C or 25 °F is the common rule of thumb. Oven running cold? Type a minus number, like −10. An oven thermometer shows how far off yours is.
How your oven temperature is converted
An exact sum first, then the rounded setting an oven dial or recipe uses, then the fan oven change.
- 1
Read your setting
180 °Cconventional oven
- 2
Convert exactly
180 × 9 ÷ 5 + 32= 356 °F
- 3
Round for the dial
355 or 360 °FGas 4 · Moderate
- 4
Adjust for a fan
180 − 20 °C= 160 °C fan
Read more: the formula, a worked example, the full oven table, air fryers and sugar stages
The formula
Fahrenheit = Celsius × 9 ÷ 5 + 32
Celsius = (Fahrenheit − 32) × 5 ÷ 9
dial setting = exact answer rounded to the nearest 5 or 10
fan oven = conventional − about 20 °C (or 25 °F)
gas mark = the nearest row in the oven table below
air fryer = conventional − about 20 °C, time × 0.8
A fan oven works out the drop in °C or °F; a gas mark is always a conventional setting. If the recipe is written for a fan oven, the converter adds the drop back to find the conventional temperature first.
Worked example
A recipe says 180 °C in a conventional oven.
- Exact: 180 × 9 ÷ 5 = 324, and 324 + 32 = 356 °F.
- Rounded for the dial: 356 to the nearest 5 is 355 °F; to the nearest 10 it is 360 °F. US recipes write this setting as 350 °F.
- Gas mark: the nearest row in the table is 180 °C, which is gas 4, a moderate oven.
- Fan oven: 180 − 20 = 160 °C, and 160 × 9 ÷ 5 + 32 = 288 + 32 = 320 °F.
- Air fryer (Advanced): 180 − 20 = 160 °C, and 30 minutes × 0.8 = 24 minutes. Check it is cooked through.
Oven temperature and gas mark table
The common conversion table used in UK cookbooks. The pairs are rounded, not exact (for example 180 °C is really 356 °F), and real ovens vary. The fan columns use the common rule of thumb of 20 °C or 25 °F lower.
| Gas | °C | Fan °C | °F | Fan °F | Traditional term | Typical uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ¼ | 110 | 90 | 225 | 200 | Very cool | Meringues, drying |
| ½ | 120 | 100 | 250 | 225 | Very cool | Meringues, keeping food warm |
| 1 | 140 | 120 | 275 | 250 | Cool | Slow cooking, rich fruit cake |
| 2 | 150 | 130 | 300 | 275 | Cool | Custards, slow casseroles |
| 3 | 170 | 150 | 325 | 300 | Moderate | Slow roasts, fruit cakes |
| 4 | 180 | 160 | 350 | 325 | Moderate | Most cakes, biscuits, casseroles |
| 5 | 190 | 170 | 375 | 350 | Moderately hot | Sponges, muffins, cupcakes |
| 6 | 200 | 180 | 400 | 375 | Moderately hot | Roast vegetables, bread rolls |
| 7 | 220 | 200 | 425 | 400 | Hot | Roast potatoes, pastry, bread |
| 8 | 230 | 210 | 450 | 425 | Very hot | Pizza, quick breads |
| 9 | 240 | 220 | 475 | 450 | Very hot | Pizza, searing, very quick bakes |
Old cookbooks don’t all agree on the words: gas 3 is sometimes called “warm” and gas 6 “hot”. Gas mark 10 (about 260 °C) is on a few cookers only.
°C to °F for oven temperatures
| °C | Exact °F | Nearest 5 °F |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | 212 | 210 |
| 110 | 230 | 230 |
| 120 | 248 | 250 |
| 130 | 266 | 265 |
| 140 | 284 | 285 |
| 150 | 302 | 300 |
| 160 | 320 | 320 |
| 170 | 338 | 340 |
| 180 | 356 | 355 |
| 190 | 374 | 375 |
| 200 | 392 | 390 |
| 210 | 410 | 410 |
| 220 | 428 | 430 |
| 230 | 446 | 445 |
| 240 | 464 | 465 |
| 250 | 482 | 480 |
| 260 | 500 | 500 |
°F to °C for oven temperatures
| °F | Exact °C | Nearest 5 °C |
|---|---|---|
| 200 | 93.3 | 95 |
| 225 | 107.2 | 105 |
| 250 | 121.1 | 120 |
| 275 | 135 | 135 |
| 300 | 148.9 | 150 |
| 325 | 162.8 | 165 |
| 350 | 176.7 | 175 |
| 375 | 190.6 | 190 |
| 400 | 204.4 | 205 |
| 425 | 218.3 | 220 |
| 450 | 232.2 | 230 |
| 475 | 246.1 | 245 |
| 500 | 260 | 260 |
Oven to air fryer
A starting point only: about 20 °C (25 °F) lower and about 20% less time. Air fryers differ in size and power, so check the food is cooked through, and shake or turn it halfway.
| Oven °C | Oven °F | Air fryer °C | Air fryer °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 220 | 425 | 200 | 400 |
| 200 | 400 | 180 | 375 |
| 180 | 350 | 160 | 325 |
| 160 | 325 | 140 | 300 |
Sugar (candy) stages
For a sugar thermometer in a pan, not an oven. These are the usual ranges at sea level; recipes differ by a degree or two. Water boils at a lower temperature up a mountain, so cooks at altitude usually aim a little lower.
| Stage | °C | °F | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thread | 110–112 | 230–234 | Syrups, candied fruit |
| Soft ball | 112–116 | 234–241 | Fudge, fondant, pralines |
| Firm ball | 118–120 | 244–248 | Caramels (soft) |
| Hard ball | 121–130 | 250–266 | Nougat, marshmallows, gummies |
| Soft crack | 132–143 | 270–289 | Toffee, butterscotch |
| Hard crack | 146–154 | 295–309 | Brittle, lollipops, toffee apples |
| Caramel | 160–177 | 320–351 | Caramel sauce, spun sugar (burns soon after) |
°C ↔ °F is exact by definition. The gas mark table, heat words, fan and air fryer drops are the common rules of thumb printed by cookbooks and oven makers; your oven’s manual comes first. Sugar stage ranges are the usual sugar-thermometer figures. Written 13 October 2026.
Common questions
What is 180 °C in Fahrenheit?
180 °C is exactly 356 °F (180 × 9 ÷ 5 + 32). Recipes and oven dials round it to 350 °F, which is gas mark 4, a moderate oven. For a fan oven, the common rule of thumb is about 20 °C lower, so 160 °C.
How much lower should a fan oven be?
The common rule of thumb is about 20 °C lower (US recipes say 25 °F lower) than a conventional oven, because the fan moves hot air around and cooks faster. Some ovens already adjust for this, so check your oven’s manual. In Advanced you can set your own drop.
What gas mark is 200 °C?
On the usual UK table, 200 °C is gas mark 6, written as 400 °F in US recipes. The exact conversion is 392 °F, but gas marks and recipes use rounded pairs. Ovens vary, so an oven thermometer is the best way to know the real heat.
What is 350 °F in Celsius?
350 °F is (350 − 32) × 5 ÷ 9 = 176.7 °C. UK and European recipes round it to 180 °C (gas 4), or 160 °C for a fan oven.
How do I convert an oven recipe to an air fryer?
A common starting point is to set the air fryer about 20 °C (25 °F) lower than the oven recipe and cook for about 20% less time, then check that the food is cooked through. Shake or turn the food halfway. Use Advanced to try your own numbers.
What does a moderate oven mean?
It is a traditional cookbook term for about 180 °C, 350 °F or gas 4. The old names run from very cool (gas ¼ to ½) and cool (1 to 2), through moderate (3 to 4) and moderately hot (5 to 6), to hot (7) and very hot (8 to 9). Older books don’t always agree by one mark.
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